Bluebook abbreviations table 6. Arbitral reporters -- Table 6.
Bluebook abbreviations table 6. Jul 3, 2025 · The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is generally the default legal citation manual. Where an agency entry only lists that agency’s official publications, no unique citation format is used and agency materials can be cited following rule 14. Mar 10, 2025 · The purpose of this guide is to introduce The Bluebook and basic concepts of legal citation to new law students. Also abbreviate states, countries, and other geographical units following the instructions in Table 10. Aug 11, 2025 · Bluebook Rule 10 covers how cases should be cited in legal documents. CASES: CASE NAME ABBREVIATIONS Case names are abbreviated according to two tables in the back of the Bluebook: Table 6: Case name words Table 10: Geographical names The paragraph at the top of T6 explains how to pluralize abbreviations. W. 1 and 10. J. It is permissible to abbreviate other words of eight letters or more if substantial space is thereby saved and the result is unambiguous in context. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals. Dec 12, 2022 · Table 6 provides abbreviations for case names and institutional authors (important for citing to cases). Tables 6 - 16. 11, respectively. Pages and T2 Foreign Jurisdictions Beginning with the 21st Edition of The Bluebook, T2 is available free to the general public on this website. 3 should not be abbreviated Table T12 provides the abbreviations to use for months. 1 (c). 262), the Bluebook instructs you to cite to the North Eastern Reporter if a case is cited therein. 3 Law Review Typeface: Ordinary; italics for procedural phrases Case decisions are most frequently published in bound reporters. It can also act as a Bluebook refresher Sep 11, 2024 · The Bluebook requires subsequent history be included in the citation if the case was addressed by a higher court or if the case is cited in full. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Become familiar with Tables, especially 1 (United States Jurisdictions), 6 (abbreviations of common words in case citations), 10 (state abbreviations), 13 (periodical/law review abbreviations) Writing out numbers in words (R6. 3, at 272. Transform your law review with effective citing examples such as Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment. Aug 2, 2025 · A guide to researching D. LawKeyed to The Bluebook (21st edition, 2020) and one of the required texts for GW Law's Fundamentals of Lawyering class, this free online book (in PDF) is "designed to help first-year law students master the fundamental Bluebook citation rules that will be needed in legal research and writing courses and in legal practice. 2 and 16). 4. Rule 16. 1, turned “Harvard Law Review Mar 10, 2025 · Rule 11 covers how to cite the U. , and No. The 21st edition of the Bluebook has brought these tables into alignment, creating a unified set of abbreviations across T6, T10, and T13, with one abbreviation per word. , Corp. Finally, the Twenty-Second Edition has substantially modified table T10 in order to streamline it and provide more useful abbreviations. Table T. 8. This practice is incorrect when citing 9. Aug 11, 2025 · Jurisdiction Tables and Abbreviations: Table T. Additionally, each jurisdiction and The following list provides abbreviations for geographical locations for use in case citations (rules 10. The new T13 is broken down into two parts – T13. 1 (c), (d), and (h). See Bluebook Rules 10. , Inc. 10. U. 1 (c)), periodical abbreviations (rule 16 and table T13), foreign materials (rule 20), and treaty citations (rule 21. Jun 11, 2024 · The Bluepages and Whitepages sketch out rules to follow, and leave it to the tables to fill in the details. Aug 5, 2025 · Bluebook Rule (22nd)): 10. (The Bluebook 's abbreviation for constitution) Section or subdivision For example, here is how you would cite the provision of the U. 17:10-1 et seq. or the state abbreviation (see Table 10) Const. 2 and 10. or N. Note that T2: Foreign Jurisdictions, is free online. 3 offers further guidance on which source to cite and reporter abbreviations, but in our case, nothing varies from Rule B4. 13. (7:43) Aug 8, 2025 · As with published/reported cases, you use Table 6 (case names), Table 7 (court names), and Table 10 (geographical terms) for abbreviations. Case names and institutional authors in citations -- Table 7. This guide contains select examples of Bluebook formatting. 2d 509 We’re in the home Case Names and Abbreviations: The abbreviation of case names is governed by Rule 10. 1 for the state name (Wash. 227-328) offer a set of reference guides for correctly citing specific legal materials, including statutes, cases, court rules, international sources, and more. One Citation may contain multiple citations separated by semicolon (;). Basic information about the Bluebook, including where to find copies in the Library. 3 Subdivisions 4 Short Citation Forms 5 Quotations 6 Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols 7 Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances 8 Capitalization 9 Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation 蓝皮书（The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation）是美国法学期刊和著作的标准引注格式体系，这套体系由《哥伦比亚法律评论》（the Columbia Law Review）、《哈佛法律评论》（the Harvard Law Review）、《宾夕法尼亚大学法律评论》（the University of Pennsylvania Law Review）和《耶鲁法律 12. , Pacific Reporter for cases) Abbreviations: Table 10. The following is a non-exclusive table of administrative agency and executive materials, with an emphasis on citation forms that vary from rule 14. One big change is the way federal statutory code sections are cited. Foreign jurisdictions -- Table 3. Table 1. ) Aug 11, 2025 · Rule 16 of the Bluebook instructs you to use Tables 10 and 13 to abbreviate the names of periodicals, but abbreviations are not provided for everything. 3(b). May 7, 2025 · Tables (p. should be in the form set forth in BBR 12 and in table T1 of the Bluebook. As noted above, for non-textual sentences, abbreviate further according to Rule 10. Sep 26, 2024 · Tables 6 through 16 provide guidance for abbreviations. Learn essential acronyms and their meanings, streamline your work, and stay ahead in the game. In your first year you will be writing legal memoranda and briefs, therefore you will follow the examples in the Bluepages. Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure Abbreviate case names, institutional author names, and periodical titles in citations by abbreviating any word listed below (rules 10. § 352. 1, B4. 2. Cases found in Federal Appendix can be cited to that reporter as normal (see page 107 of the Bluebook for an example). Tables at the end of this book contain lists of specific abbreviations for arbitral reporters (), case names, institutional author names, and periodical titles (), court names (), explanatory phrases (), legislative documents (), geographical terms (), judges and officials (), months (), periodicals (), publishing terms (), services (), and Table 6. 2, T. Also includes a wide selection of major foreign language law publications from over 295 jurisdictions. legalbluebook. Explanatory phrases -- Table 9. ” Then consult Table 10 and Table 7 to cite the case appropriately. Practitioners should also adhere to local citation rules (see Bluepages table BT2). Find out how to abbreviate building, institute, publication, and more with these important legal abbreviations. Every case name must be checked against the abbreviations chart in the bluebook (Table T. , Co. T1 United States Jurisdictions: (p. The many tables at the end of the bluebook contain lists of specific T8 Explanatory Phrases The following table lists a number of explanatory phrases (some of which contain abbreviations) commonly used to indicate prior or subsequent history and weight of authority of judicial decisions. Super-Specific: Abbreviations The Bluebook requires that you use certain abbreviations and ONLY those abbreviations Table 6 (case names) Only for case names in citations. In textual discussions in footnotes, as in regular text, do not use these abbreviations. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Tables given at the end of the Bluebook should be referred to for abbreviated forms. Find clarity in project management with this must-read resource. If the abbreviation for the full name of the court is not listed below, a composite abbreviation may be assembled using the words listed in this table. Any countries, territories, provinces, or cities omitted from tables T10. If you do, there is no space after the beginning parenthesis or before the ending parenthesis, and the period ending the citation sentence belongs inside the ending parenthesis. Index to Legal Citations and Abbreviations: Includes abbreviations from the UK, Ireland, USA, and select abbreviations from the European Union, Africa, Asia, and South America. 257) The abbreviations and citation conventions listed in this table, except as noted, are primarily intended to serve a national audience. Do not abbreviate the first word of the name of a party in a textual discussion, but first words of case names in citations shall be abbreviated. They provide standardized citation formats and abbreviations, helping you ensure consistency and accuracy when citing a variety of legal documents. The following alphabetical list provides abbreviations for court names to be used in citing cases according to rule 10. Learn to check the Table T. This guide is best used in conjunction with the Bluebook. Abbreviations of geographical terms, periodicals, publishing terms etc. Includes examples and relevant rules for federal and New York statutes, and McKinney's practice commentaries. Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations Dec 12, 2022 · Table 6 provides abbreviations for case names and institutional authors (important for citing to cases). The difference between brief format and law review note A quick reference guide to Bluebook abbreviations provided by the Western Society of Criminology. Other examples can be found in the official Bluebook ® Quick Start Guide. · Then the page Rule 10. 6, 311, tbl. 2 Jun 11, 2024 · Additional help with the bluebook Blue Tips Provides tips on using the Bluebook, from the Bluebook's official webpage www. 1(c)). 6)—many words in cases can (and should) be abbreviated! Note that in footnotes, words other than the first word in each party’s name are subject to the abbreviation rule. Currently in its 20th edition. 6, and T. Unlike the remainder of The Bluebook, which is designed in a style and at a level of complexity commensurate with the needs of the law journal publication process, the Bluepages provide easy-to-comprehend guidance for the everyday citation needs of first-year law 12. The subheadings under the Cases tab corresponds to each of these elements and provides an in-depth look at each. Federal rules of civil procedure. C. The white The Bluebook’s 21st edition’s first printing omitted abbreviations for Brothers and Brotherhood from Table 6. 3) Jun 4, 2020 · International materials -- Tables. If you have the first printing of The Bluebook, abbreviate these terms as shown above. Eg. Citation Abbreviations: Past and Present State Agencies, Commissions, and Task Forces The following abbreviations shall be used in citation sentences only, not in text or textual sentences in footnotes. The most commonly used tables for case citations include: T1- to find proper abbreviation for reporter; locate official reporter T6- for common word and name abbreviations for parties T7- for court names T8- for explanatory phrases T10- for geographic terms T11- for judges and official T12 Tip USING T6 PURPOSE I would say T 6 is the most commonly used source in The Bluebook because it provides abbreviations used in several citation forms. Table 6 notes that a word of eight letters (or more) may be abbreviated at the author’s discretion if substantial space is saved. Citation Sentence begin with a Capital letter and end with a Period. Remember, mastering these tiny titans of legal writing will not only save you space but also elevate your legal writing game. Case names and geographical terms should be abbreviated according to Bluebook 302, tbls. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… The Bluebook treats agency and/or organization abbreviations as optional while at the same time treating the same entities differently based on the context in which they are mentioned. In the new 20 th edition, the Bluebook editors have streamlined T13. Aug 12, 2025 · In a citation sentence, abbreviate every word you would in a textual sentence plus any word listed in Table 6 in the back of The Bluebook. 1 (b) (e. cases Tables (blue stripe) Authorities, abbreviations, etc. Aug 5, 2024 · Table 1 of the Bluebook includes abbreviations for judicial, legislative, and administrative materials. T1 United States Jurisdictions The abbreviations and citation conventions listed in this table, except as noted, are primarily intended to serve a national audience. To cite the subsequent history of a case: Subsequent history citations will follow the full citation of a case, separated by a comma. Court names -- Table 8. 12. Jun 20, 2025 · Discover the comprehensive guide to Bluebook abbreviations, unraveling industry standards for various services. Do not abbreviate “United States. Aug 11, 2025 · Tables of Federal Supreme Court, United States Court of Appeals and United States District Court Abbreviations Dec 12, 2022 · Foreign materials encompass laws applying solely within the boundaries of sovereign states, excluding the United States (the Bluebook being US Centric). Bluebook Table 6 Abbreviations. Jan 11, 2022 · Legal terms and other words have specific abbreviations to include in case names. 1 for document subdivisions (like an article of Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… No signal should be used if the authority directly states the proposition, is the source of a quotation, or is referred to in the text. Oct 12, 2015 · If you’re writing a seminar paper or journal note, chances are you’ll cite to a periodical at some point and you’ll refer to Bluebook table 13 (T13). In text, only words such as Co. By far the most referenced Bluebook table. , Ltd. This guide will introduce you to how to use the Bluebook. 3 Subdivisions 4 Short Citation Forms 5 Quotations 6 Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols 7 Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances 8 Capitalization 9 Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Aug 11, 2025 · The citations include dockets, court filings, transcripts, police reports, and case narratives. Dec 12, 2022 · Commonwealth of, or People of, unless citing decisions of the court in which you are filing the brief, and then only Commonwealth or People (Rule 10. Mar 27, 2019 · Abbreviations intended for use in case names appeared in table T6, but a different abbreviation for the same word might appear in table T13 for periodical titles. Table 7 has court name abbreviations (important for indicating courts in case parentheticals). Dep't of Justice But: Alvarez-Machain Aug 11, 2025 · Tables of Federal Supreme Court, United States Court of Appeals and United States District Court Abbreviations Abbreviations Case names in citations: Abbreviate the names of both parties according to Table 6 (attached). When citing to a decision published in a federal or regional reporter, the court that handed down that decision must be cited. I. Bluebook Bluebook, formally known as The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is a style guide that sets forth the most widely used legal citation system in the United States, i. In American and other common law citations, give the name of the court and its geographical jurisdiction (abbreviated according to tables T1 or T2 if included therein and according to tables T7 and T10 in all other cases) in the parenthetical phrase that immediately follows the citation and includes the date or year of decision Sep 7, 2015 · This lesson covers some case name abbreviations under 10. 2, was a single purpose reference, to be used solely when citing articles. ) Table T10 provides abbreviations for states, cities, countries, and other jurisdictions used in legal citations (especially in case names). R. For case names in text, see Rule 10. Constitution that says that each state shall have two Senators: U. , how U. See generally Bluebook Rule 10. BBR 3. e. Aug 6, 2025 · This guide introduces the Bluebook's uniform system of legal citation. State Abbreviations Geographical terms are listed in Table 10 of the Bluebook. It is now in its 22nd edition. Florida Law Journal Abbreviations The following is a list of abbreviations for journals published by law schools located in Florida. Accurate for 21st Edition of Bluebook. Sep 25, 2023 · Many states also make changes to their citation rules with each new edition of the Bluebook. Jun 26, 2025 · The Bluebook (pp. A. 1 (a) and table T. ), Table 16. CASE ABBREVIATIONS A. Individual country entries are updated on an ongoing basis. See BP Rule B17. These changes usually occur in Table T1 and are included in the new 21st Edition. T1 provides the abbreviations and citation conventions for each jurisdiction within the United States -- federal and state. Important: in the "Illinois" entry in Table 1 (p. 215) Provides correct citation and abbreviation information for all United States jurisdictions, including federal, state, and territories. Abbreviations cont. Here you will find guidance and examples of citation formats that you will use when writing your memoranda, briefs, and other court documents. 3) T10 Geographical Terms The following list provides abbreviations for geographical locations for use in case citations (rules 10. NAACP, FCC) Procedural phrases (e. Every case name must be checked against the abbreviations chart in the Bluebook (Table 6)—many words in cases can (and should) be abbreviated. If you don’t know the reporter abbreviation, consult Table T1. 2 so we’re golden! Our reporter citation looks like this: 788 N. You'll find the tables at the very back of the Bluebook, just before the index. It is compiled by the editors of the Columbia Law Review, the Harvard Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and The Yale Law Journal and began in 1926. The white May 31, 2023 · Unlock the hidden gems of Bluepages with our latest Bluebook Wednesday Tips, focusing on BT1 abbreviations for court documents. Aug 10, 2025 · Abbreviations are used throughout Bluebook citations, with specific tables (e. Constitution and state constitutions. 3d (6th Cir. Complicated variations are not shown in these samples. Abbreviations Generally Abbreviate words where substantial space will be saved and the result is unambiguous. can be abbreviated (Rule 10. As you will discover, The Bluebook contains a substantial amount of material on abbreviations. See blue pages rule B17 and blue pages table BT1 for court documents filed as part of the same case. Use these abbreviations in citations to court documents according to Bluepages B17. ) "United States" and geographical units listed in Table 10 UNLESS the geographical unit is the entire name of the party Ctr. Table T1 in The Bluebook has the reporter names' abbreviations, first for federal and then for state reporters. Aug 13, 2025 · Provides explanations of abbreviations for English language legal publications from the British Isles, the Commonwealth and the United States. T7 Court Names: (p Aug 13, 2025 · What should you abbreviate when referring to a case in a citation sentence? Words in Table 6 and Rule 10. Table 1 provides a list of statutory codes for each state and indicates which is the official/preferred code to cite as well as the abbreviations for each code. The Bluebook contains tables with lists of specific abbreviations for arbitral reporters (T5), case names, institutional author names, and common words in periodical titles (T6), court names (T7), explanatory phrases (T8), legislative documents (T9), geographical terms (T10), judges and officials (T11), months (T12), institutional names in Nov 30, 2023 · The Bluebook is a guide to a system of legal citation frequently used by law schools and law journals. v. You may enclose citations to court and litigation documents in pa-rentheses. Unlike the remainder of The Bluebook, which is designed in a style and at a level of complexity commensurate with the needs of the law journal publication process, the Bluepages provide easy-to-comprehend guidance for the everyday citation needs of first-year law Table T2 has been revised, and three new jurisdictions have been added. Studies v. The library only offers the Bluebook in print. 2011). , and Inc. ” See generally Bluebook Rule 10. case names (Table 6) court names (Table 7) explanatory phrases (Table 8) court documents (Table 8 of 17th edition) legislative documents (Table 9) geographical terms (Table 10) judges and officials (Table 11) months (Table 12) Why are there so many abbreviations in the Bluebook? Aug 11, 2025 · This LibGuide contains useful information for legal citation, some of which is not in the Bluebook itself. When citing to an entire act, the proper form is N. , Rule 10 for cases, Rule 12 for statutes, etc. Abbreviations B10. 1 One of the keys to citing statutes properly is knowing where to find the proper legal citation abbreviations. (North[ern]). Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Jul 7, 2025 · Guide to basic bluebooking for statutes in law journal footnotes. A citation to a constitution includes three elements: U. USE Use T 6 to abbreviate commonly used words in citation forms, as allowed by The Bluebook. Name of the title in which your section appears Table 1 of the Bluebook gives the accepted abbreviations for the titles for all jurisdictions, including Maryland. T13 helps you correctly abbreviate the title of the journal, so you can refer to it in your footnotes. 430) This table provides all of the ways the Bluebook wants you to abbreviate case names. 2). In re, ex rel. 1 and B17. The Bluebook Online Georgetown students can purchase their own individual subscriptions to the online Bluebook. · Then the reporter abbreviation. The Bluebook contains tables with lists of specific abbreviations for arbitral reporters (T5), case names, institutional author names, and common words in periodical titles (T6), court names (T7), explanatory phrases (T8), legislative documents (T9), geographical terms (T10), judges and officials (T11), months (T12), institutional names in Sep 25, 2013 · Bluebook Rule 10. Case Names and Abbreviations: The abbreviation of case names is governed by Rule 10. Mar 10, 2025 · Like federal statutes, state statutes may be published in both an official code and an unofficial code, and The Bluebook requires you to cite to the official code, if possible (Rule 12. Expand your legal citation prowess today. See rule 3 for further guidance in using these abbreviations. If you are writing a brief or memo, look at the Blue Pages, Rule B10 (Or apply the citation rules of the jurisdiction). Const 5 days ago · Introduction to Basic Legal Citation by Peter Martin Bluebook Citation for LL. " The major preferred reporters are: Oct 16, 2020 · The twenty-first edition of The Bluebook has eliminated the separate table that previously prescribed how to abbreviate common words appearing in the name of a cited publication. 2 and Table 6. Consistency in citation style throughout your legal documents is also important for clarity and professionalism. How do you abbreviate case names in the Bluebook? Abbreviations. Otherwise follow Bluebook Rule 10. , T6, T10, T13) providing guidance for general words, geographical terms, and periodical names. Always consult the Bluebook for additional information on correct citation format. 1), and treaty citations (rule 21. Aug 8, 2025 · Table 6 and many other parts of the Bluebook provide specific abbreviations for citing cases names, etc. legal documents are cited in legal memoranda, court documents, and law journals. 2 states that all words listed in Table 6 (the table of abbreviations) must be abbreviated, even the first word in a party name. If you are citing to the current U. United States jurisdictions -- Table 2. M. (Publications followed by an asterisk are either no longer in existence or have been renamed. Aug 11, 2025 · Bluebook Quick Reference: Abbreviations and How-tos Information Below is a list of State Supreme Court and Court of Appeals abbreviations. Common Citation Abbreviations If an abbreviation for a committee, state agency, commission, or task force cannot be found in Tables 1-3, then the following abbreviations shall be used to construct a proper abbreviation in a citation sentence. 3) 3 Subdivisions 4 Short Citation Forms 5 Quotations 6 Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols 7 Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances 8 Capitalization 9 Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court Sep 23, 2008 · Federal statutes should be cited as 5 U. Spacing and Abbreviations (BB Rules 6. V. The list replaces the list of abbreviations for Washington materials found in Bluebook table T1. The preferred sources of citation are suggested when relevant. T. for Nat'l Sec. 4 provides the citation format for "consecutively paginated journals" - meaning the page numbers run through each issue of an entire volume. Intergovernmental organizations -- Table 4. Arbitral reporters -- Table 6. The 21st edition of the Bluebook became available Summer 2020. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Table 3. In Virginia, for example, Table 1 lists the Jul 30, 2025 · Table 1 (T1). In abbreviations of periodical names (see table T13), close up all adjacent single capitals except when one or more of the capitals refers to the name of an institutional entity, in which case set the capital or capitals referring to the entity off from other adjacent single capitals with a space. Jun 26, 2025 · We use three parts of The Bluebook to cite Washington State primary law: The rule on how to format the cite to the source (e. g. It includes: abbreviations for titles of legal periodicals abbreviations for names of federal courts abbreviations for names of state courts abbreviations for secondary sources how-tos for citing cases with examples This guide was originally written by Valparaiso University Law Library 3 Subdivisions 4 Short Citation Forms 5 Quotations 6 Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols 7 Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances 8 Capitalization 9 Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court May 7, 2025 · When citing to case law, you may need to reference the Bluebook tables at the back of the style guide. Table 7 has court name. 1(c) Table 10 (geographical terms) For case citations, institutional authors, periodicals, foreign materials, treaty citations This table provides suggested abbreviations for words commonly found in the titles of court documents. 17:10-1 to -26, not N. Other general legal citation manuals include ALWD, and The Redbook. Table 6 provides abbreviations for case names and institutional authors (important for citing to cases). 10. 3) Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Every case citation must indicate which court decided the case. Federal rules of appellate procedure. If your citation form directs you to abbreviate using T 6, look for words in T 6 that can be abbreviated. Quotation should contain the original text. 2: in citation sentences: always abbreviate any word listed in Table 6, even if the word is the first word in a party’s name, unless the word is part of a state, country or other geographic unit that is the entire name of the 12. 3's entry for Washington, which lists the sources' publications (e. (Corporation) or N. 2 10. Often, a case will have more than one reporter listed because they are published in more than one place. The Abbreviations in the Bluebook may seem daunting at first, but with a little practice, they can become second nature. While the rest of this guide is broken up by type of material cited, in this section you will find descriptions of the myriad rules related to citing material from counties other than the United States, including jurisdiction, transliteration ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations are used for citing to primary Washington legal materials. This issue is further complicated by a few printing errors and several inconsistencies, particularly in Table 1. Table 5. Aug 6, 2025 · Important Tables It is important to consult the following tables in addition to R10 to ensure proper case citation. The following list provides abbreviations for names of document subdivisions frequently used in legal citations. 4), names of institutional authors (rule 15. Updated to the 22d ed. 1. Citations to federal, New Jersey, or other state statutes in U. Jul 7, 2025 · The Bluepages section of the Bluebook addresses non-academic citation. Code, you do not have to include a year. New guidance on citations for medical journals is now provided in table T6. Aug 11, 2025 · Scroll down and click on the tabs on the side to see changes for various rules. Tables 6 through 16 provide the required abbreviation conventions. Capitalization rules, detailed in Rule 8, dictate which words to capitalize in titles, headings, and proper nouns. May 14, 2021 · T6 Case Names: (p. Johnson, 640 F. T1 United States Jurisdictions (p. Oct 17, 2023 · It is crucial to use the appropriate abbreviations and follow the examples provided in the Bluebook for accurate citation of constitutions. Abbreviations follow Bluebook Rule 6. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (most widely used – purchase only) The Bluebook Table BT2 has jurisdiction-specific citation rules and style guides. 1 (c)), periodical abbreviations (rule 16 and table T13), foreign materials (rule 20. 1 Institutions and Aug 12, 2025 · The basic structure of a case citation has at least these four basic elements: Name of the case The source where the case can be found Name of the court that decided the case Year the case was decided Example: U. 2 and T10. That table, Table T13. Often, it is best to use the Bluebook index, look up "abbreviations" and consult the categories for abbreviations listed there. 2 tells you to abbreviate case names in citations, but rather than list all of the abbreviations there in the rules, it refers you to T6. Students (HLSL Guide) Bieber's Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations Reversed Provides more comprehensive list of abbreviations for legal publications than the Bluebook and better guidance for online sources like press releases, LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. Treaty sources -- Table 5. o a subsection of 9. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebook's unique system of citation in their… Jun 17, 2025 · The 22nd edition of The Bluebook added abbreviations for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (F. 3 for citing to court filings that are NOT documents from the same case for which you are writing the brief. in the Bluebook, all abbreviations are listed in the tables, which begin on page 227. of the Bluebook. 1). ) and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (F. A proper citation to a decision in a bound reporter will indicate: the volume of the reporter; an abbreviation of the reporter; and the page upon which the case begins, followed by a pincite for a specific page cited if any. 3 Subdivisions 4 Short Citation Forms 5 Quotations 6 Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols 7 Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances 8 Capitalization 9 Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court May 7, 2025 · Tables (p. ) Table 1. Jun 26, 2025 · Basic information for getting started with The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation Table 6 of the Bluebook provides a detailed list of abbreviations for many words that commonly appear in case citations, such as Corp. Look at the case heading to figure out what court is “speaking. . For example, R10. com. Its columns, together with the institutional abbreviations contained in Table T13. 1 (f)). 1 for document subdivisions (like an article of Jul 1, 2011 · The samples in this section cover basic citation format for case law. Other tools and resources are also available to assist you with decoding abbreviations. In textual sentences, whether in the text or a footnote, abbreviate only &, Ass’n, Bros. 1 whenever you are citing primary authority. Jul 29, 2025 · Bluepages How-to guide for basic legal citation Rules (white pages) Rules 1-9 General standards Rules 10-21 Specific authorities, e. Geographical units are abbreviated as indicated in Table T10 at 502-09 unless the geographical unit is a named party (but remember -- do not abbreviate United States) May 29, 2025 · Table T1 identifies which reporter to cite to (the "preferred reporter") with the phrase "Cite to [reporter abbreviation], if therein. S. There are many Aug 11, 2025 · Have you encountered an abbreviation in a citation and want to figure out what it stands for? The tables near the back of The Bluebook indicate how to properly abbreviate many terms. Jun 26, 2025 · Bluebook 21st Edition: Major Changes Major updates to the Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation in the new 21st edition, which was released in the summer of 2020. Bluebook Guide: Introduction A LibGuide created by the Georgetown Law Library which introduces The Bluebook and basic concepts of legal citation to new law students. 1-56) is printed on blue paper and is called The Bluepages, which are: " a how-to guide for basic legal citation. 1 (c) Common acronyms in Rule 6. If you prefer to search by State Supreme Court or Court of Appeals exclusively, click on the links in the left hand navigation bar for Supreme Court or Court of Appeals abbreviations. It is citation for practitioners and law clerks. Each page will provide links Aug 11, 2025 · For help interpreting the abbreviations, see Table T6 and T10 in The Bluebook, which cover case name and geographical abbreviations. 2) - Numbers up to and including ninety-nine should be written out in words. 1 R10. Abbreviations: Abbreviate per Rule 10. If one of these eight words begins a party’s name, however, do not abbreviate it. 3 Subdivisions 4 Short Citation Forms 5 Quotations 6 Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols 7 Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances 8 Capitalization 9 Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court Jun 26, 2025 · We use three parts of The Bluebook to cite Washington State primary law: The rule on how to format the cite to the source (e. It also covers 10. 1 includes the official names and legal citation abbreviations for federal and state reporters, and federal and state statutory compilations. Bluebook Tables: Abbreviations in Citations 13. If you do not have access to a 21st Edition Bluebook then be sure to check this link for state-specific changes. Provides a search form for basic legal citation resources and guidance on proper legal citation practices. von lggtpld zgpn jcl wrter oubd oxtvp hkhvu irxzbo frqougq
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