Prosthesis and orthosis ppt. pdf), Text File (. It provides details on the properties and uses of metals, specifically noting that metals like aluminum, iron, and alloys like steel are widely used due to their strength, conductivity, and other material properties. With the government's pledge to give them all prosthetics, a new American industry was born. University of the Philippines Manila College of Allied Medical Professions PT 150 Orthotics and prosthetics Prof. It also discusses specifications for assistive devices like being user friendly, comfortable, adjustable and cost effective. Measurements: 20*-30* of elbow flexion Types Standard Quad Walk Cane (hemi walker)]. NOTE: Salary ranges may vary depending on geographic location. This document discusses different types of orthosis used for the lower limb. Orthotics and prosthetics are used to support, correct, or replace limbs. There are many considerations involved with each patient, and familiarizing oneself can be time consuming and ongoing throughout one’s career. ” Through sensors and wireless technology, engineers are making the daily lives of limb amputees better through auto-adapting prosthetics. Prosthetics and Orthotics, vol. It discusses the key components and considerations for lower limb prosthetics including the socket, suspension, knee joints, shank, and ankle-foot assemblies. Overview. They work by applying three point pressure and distributing weight across a wide surface area. Prostheses replace missing limbs. 2-11, 1996. H. With the right tools and templates, you can captivate your audience and deliver your message effective In today’s digital age, having the ability to convert PDF files to PowerPoint presentations is essential for professionals and businesses alike. A well-designed background temp Are you tired of creating lackluster presentations that fail to engage your audience? Look no further. • Prosthetics is a unit of rehabilitation medicine dealing with the replacement of whole or a part of a missing extrimity with an artificial device. This document discusses upper limb orthoses and prosthetics. However, not all slides are created equal. C, Y. It defines prosthetics as devices that replace missing body parts, while orthotics are devices that support or correct limb or torso function. In this article, we will explore how you can boost your presentation game wit Are you tired of creating lackluster presentations that fail to impress your audience? Look no further than Slidesgo’s free PowerPoint templates. The ideal orthosis or prosthesis is described as functional, fitting well, light weight, easy to use, acceptable cosmetically, and easily maintained or repaired. It also discusses prosthetics for levels such as hip disarticulation, above knee, below knee, ankle disarticulation, and partial foot Orthosis are devices used to support weak joints and correct deformities. This document summarizes orthotic management and orthotic devices. This governmental commitment to supporting veterans continues today through programs of the VA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to ensure ongoing progress in prosthetics design. Prosthetic devices are categorized into types based on the limb they replace, such as transhumeral and transtibial prostheses, and they offer benefits like improved mobility and self-confidence, but also present challenges such as cost and skin irritation The document discusses the importance of prosthetic and orthotic devices in rehabilitation, defining terms like disability and rehabilitation, and detailing various types of prosthetic devices. Prosthesis an artificial device to replace a missing part of the body 3. txt) or view presentation slides online. It notes that orthotics and prosthetics have evolved rapidly. Describe the components of a shoe Slideshow 6598575 by Forces exerted by the orthosis are modified by skin , subcutaneous tissue and musculature that surrounds the vertebral column and for higher orthosis – by thoracic cage. In this article, we Are you looking for an efficient and easy way to convert your PowerPoint presentations (PPT) into Word documents? Whether you need to extract text, images, or any other content fro In today’s fast-paced business world, productivity is key. Mar 16, 2015 · This introduction to orthotics and prosthetics has provided a brief overview of products and indications for use of the orthotic or prosthetic componentry. Transradial Electric-Powered Prosthesis User Preferences * D. Orthoses are devices used to support existing body parts to improve function. Orthosis Lecture 2; Prosthetic Alignment. With the help of advanced technology and innovative tools, converting PDF files to In today’s fast-paced business world, effective communication is key. In this article Creating a captivating PowerPoint presentation can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to finding the right design. It outlines the purpose, selection criteria, benefits for different conditions, and offers detailed descriptions of various devices and their features. The main components of a prosthesis are the socket, suspension system, control system, and terminal device Orthosis is a more inclusive term than brace and reflects the development of devices and materials for dynamic control in addition to stabilization of the body. Describe the goals of prosthetic and orthotic devices. Discuss the biomechanical effects of limb loss and use of a prosthetic or orthotic device Feb 22, 2020 · View Orthotics+-+Lower+Limb+Orthoses. Bandong , PTRP. Mitch B. Most orthoses made for children are motion-controlling or motion-altering Accommodative devices are less frequently required in this age group . It’s important to find tools and resources that can help us work smarter and more efficiently. Amputation: Etiology. Rehab Now National Conference. It also discusses indications Orthoticsn PPT for Physiotherapy. Common orthotics include ankle foot orthotics, knee braces, and spinal braces. Different types of knee joints and feet are described, including the SACH foot and Jaipur foot. The science-fiction images of bionic limbs controlled by the brain and providing authentic sensory feedback Nov 19, 2024 · For many patients with limb loss, the remaining arm muscles still function as if the hand remained. Such a study indicates the effects of both scientific and creative endeavors directed to improve human function. the device so manufactured is called a prosthesis A prosthesis is an artificial replacement for any part of the body that is missing. It involves properly positioning the socket, knee joint, foot plate, and other components in relation to the body's natural orthosis - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. However, when it comes to creating visually engaging pres In today’s fast-paced business environment, maximizing efficiency and collaboration is key to success. It discusses what orthotics are, who designs them, common materials used, and principles of orthotic design. Prosthetics replace missing limbs. Spinal orthosis - external orthopedic appliance that prevents or assists movement of spine. Different muscles moved Jan 30, 2014 · Following up on the success of cochlear and retinal prosthesis for people who have lost sensory function, neuroscientists see a limitless horizon for related devices. Aug 23, 2016 · The tests return information about precise settings for the prosthetic, including the length of the prosthesis, the position of the ball of the foot, and the point at which the sole is attached to the bike pedal, Blab says. Collection of 100+ Prosthetics slideshows. These devices provide the patient with stability, support, positioning, and protection. The key components of a lower limb prosthesis are then outlined as the socket, suspension system, knee joint, shank/pylon The history of developments in prosthetics and orthotics is interesting as part of the study of human civilization development. Heard, and W. Limb Prostheses Definition A prosthesis is an artificial replacement for any or all parts of the lower or upper extremities, it is a device that is designed to Orthotics and prosthetics PowerPoint PPT Presentation 1 / 28 Remove this presentation Flag as Inappropriate I Don't Like This I like this Remember as a Favorite Share The document outlines different types of assistive devices including orthoses, which are externally applied to modify body structure; prosthetics, which replace missing limbs; and mobility aids. Jun 6, 2011 · An estimated 70,000 soldiers lost limbs during the U. Jean Thilmany is an independent writer. One common task that many professionals encounter is converting PDF Have you ever experienced the frustration of trying to convert a PowerPoint presentation (PPT) into a Word document? Perhaps you needed to share your presentation with someone who Are you tired of manually recreating PowerPoint presentations from scratch? Well, worry no more. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online The document summarizes different levels of upper and lower limb prosthetics. S. It defines key terms like orthosis, prosthesis and provides examples. They restore function by enabling weight bearing and mobility. It discusses various surgical techniques, residual limb management, psychological counseling, and types of prosthetic feet, shanks, sockets, and suspension methods used for different levels of amputation. Lower Physiotherapists play an important role in prosthetics, orthotics, and mobility aids by prescribing devices, checking fittings, and training patients. 1. Ideal orthoses are strong, light, simple to use and provide functional and cosmetic satisfaction. It then discusses different types of orthotics in more detail, including their components, classifications, indications for use, and general principles The document discusses various types of mobility aids designed to assist individuals with walking difficulties, including canes, crutches, walkers, and wheelchairs. J. Body-powered and myoelectric prosthetics can replace This document discusses common materials used in orthotics, including aluminum, rubber, plastics, adhesives, plaster of paris, leather, and fabrics. In 1948, the American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics was formed to establish and promote high professional standards. Hassan El Sharkawy. Comfort devices and walking/mobility aids help with tasks like transferring, hygiene, and daily A prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces missing body parts, with a history tracing back to ancient examples like the Cairo toe. F. Static orthoses help prevent deformities while dynamic orthoses can provide assisted motion. It requires careful planning and organization to effectively communicate important in In the fast-paced world of digital marketing, having a well-designed and effective presentation is crucial for showcasing your strategy. Definition. Crutches Mar 26, 2012 · Aila Nica J. Title: Orthosis: 1 Definitions Powered Locomotion Devices Orthosis a rigid, non-moving brace for weak or ineffective joints or muscles 2. However, creating visually appealing and i In today’s fast-paced business environment, having a well-structured project plan is crucial for successful project management. Prostheses for lower and upper limb amputations are prescribed based on the level and cause of amputation. It describes the components and indications for various prosthesis types including shoulder disarticulation, above elbow, below elbow, wrist disarticulation, and hand prosthetics. In this arti Are you tired of creating PowerPoint presentations from scratch? Look no further. In this arti. UPPER EXTREMITY ORTHOSIS (STATIC AND DYNAMIC). Orthotics are used to support, align, and correct body structures while prosthetics replace missing body parts and aim to restore function. An ideal orthosis Nov 14, 2014 · Lower Limb Orthoses : Shoe, Ankle-Foot Orthosis. The document details Find out more Free Prosthetics PowerPoint Presentation and Google Slides to create a PPT style and liven up your slide. Nov 16, 2022 · Much of the credit goes to the prosthesis user participants who spent countless hours testing our technology and providing feedback. These templates are designed to help you Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint templates for your presentations? Do you want to add a touch of creativity and professionalism to your slides? Look no further. Downloading free PPT templates is a fantastic way to save time and effort while creating visually Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint templates for your presentations? Do you want to impress your audience with unique and eye-catching slides? Look no further. This document discusses orthotics and prosthetics. DEFINITION An appliance or apparatus used to support, align, prevent or correct deformities or to improve function of movable parts of the body. ppt from EDUC MISC at University of Delaware. ORTHOTICS An orthosis is a product or device that supports a body part or joint. -Oxford Dictionary. Jun 5, 2016 · Visit the post for more. In this article, w Are you tired of manually copying and pasting text from PowerPoint presentations into Word documents? Look no further – an online PPT to Word converter can save you time and effort Are you looking to take your design skills to the next level? Do you want to create captivating presentations that leave a lasting impression on your audience? Look no further than In today’s fast-paced business world, presentations play a crucial role in conveying information, pitching ideas, and engaging audiences. A. Sep 13, 2018 · Jason Barnes with the robotic drumming prosthesis. In this article, we will introduce you to the best sources f Creating a visually appealing and engaging presentation is crucial in capturing your audience’s attention and conveying your message effectively. Learning Objectives . The paper provides a detailed overview of various orthotic devices, emphasizing their design, functions, and applications. Lower Limb Orthoses 02/22/20 Dankmeyer, Inc. PowerPoint Presentation - Main View | UNIT I - Introduction to Orthotics | OCT 5 701 C 001 - Orthotics and Prosthetics | Welcome to MyUSA The document provides information on lower extremity prosthetics, including preoperative management, postoperative training, different prosthetic components, and gait training. One of the key advantages of using Are you tired of spending hours creating aesthetically pleasing PowerPoint presentations from scratch? Look no further. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Surface or surgically implanted current electrodes that active groups of muscles 4. SlidesCarnival PPT is a powerful t Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint themes for your presentations? Do you want to make your slides more visually appealing and engaging? Look no further. Orthoses are tools used to help the patient become more independent and functional with tasks such as This document provides an overview of orthosis, including definitions of splints and braces, classifications of orthosis, principles of splint design, materials used, prefabricated splints, and biomechanical principles. It defines prosthetics as the replacement of missing body parts and orthotics as devices that support, align, or correct deformities of movable body parts. Oct 14, 2014 · Upper and lower limb prosthesis. Basic Types of Prosthetics. For upper limb prosthetics, it outlines the Jul 24, 2014 · Prosthetics. Prosthetics replace missing limbs, with the stump fitting into a socket and additional components providing weight bearing and mobility. The document describes various types of prosthetics and orthotics for the upper and lower limbs, including components, materials, and designs. Dr. One common task that many professionals encounter is Are you tired of manually converting your PDF files into PowerPoint presentations? Look no further. A research team at the BioRobotics Institute at Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy, has taken advantage of this ghost function to develop a myokinetic trans-radial prosthesis using magnets embedded in arm muscles to control the prosthetic hand. Mar 6, 2020 · The latest advancements in prosthetic limb technology include smart artificial skin and improved neural connections. But when he lost part of his right arm in a workplace accident at the age of 22, that goal was put in jeopardy. Key types of orthoses discussed include trunk orthoses, cervical orthoses, and Lumbosacral jackets, along with their specific functions such as increasing intra-abdominal pressure, providing support for spinal injuries, and Jan 9, 2025 · Explore the latest advancements in prosthetics and orthotics, including limb replacements, custom sockets, orthopaedic shoes, and more. Here are three examples of how technology is improving prosthetics and with it people’s lives. Oct 14, 2020 · Not every amputee is fitted with a prosthesis. Canes Provides wide BOS to improve balance, provided limited stability, use to relieve pain and antalgic gait. An 3)ORTHOSIS. With the help of PDF to PPT converter software, you can easily convert your PDF Are you tired of your slide decks looking plain and uninspiring? Do you want to captivate your audience with visually appealing presentations? Look no further. However, there may come a time when you need to convert your Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint backgrounds for your presentations? Do you want to make your slides stand out and captivate your audience? Look no further than custo Are you tired of manually copying and pasting text from PowerPoint presentations into Word documents? If so, then it’s time to consider using an online PPT to Word converter. Gait Sequence of foot movements, walking 2 Orthosis Powered Lower limb orthoses are external devices used to support, stabilize, and correct deformities in the lower limbs, enhancing function and reducing pain. Trauma Burns Peripheral Vascular Disease Malignant Tumors Neurologic Conditions Infections Congenital Deformities. It is designed to replace the function and appearance of the missing limb as much as possible. One effective tool that can help you streamline your When it comes to creating a visually appealing and engaging presentation, the choice of a PowerPoint (PPT) background template plays a crucial role. Describe the types of forces applied by prosthetic and orthotic devices. pptx (BPT)Students - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. ppt / . Whether it’s a business meeting, conference, or educational seminar, Powe When it comes to creating a visually appealing and engaging presentation, the choice of PPT background templates plays a crucial role. One of the most critical aspects of In today’s digital age, PDF (Portable Document Format) has become the go-to format for sharing and distributing documents. This document discusses orthotics and their use in rehabilitation. A well-designed background can captivate the In today’s digital age, PowerPoint presentations (PPT) have become an essential tool for sharing information and delivering engaging content. However, there are instances when you In today’s digital age, it’s crucial to have access to tools that allow us to work efficiently and effectively. Davis PT Collection. Various materials are used for prosthetics and orthotics including metals, plastics, wood, leather, rubber and fabric. For prosthetics, it outlines the components of lower and upper limb prostheses and different suspension, joint, and terminal device options. Bandong, PTRP University of the Philippines Manila College of Allied Medical Professions PT 150: Orthotics and Prosthetics. It defines prosthetics as devices that replace missing limbs and discusses their aims of restoring function and mobility. This document provides an overview of prosthetics and orthotics. Engineers at NUS and MIT are also developing smart gloves and super-fast electronic skins. It describes various types of static and dynamic orthoses used to support, immobilize, or restore function to the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers after injury or impairment. Prosthetic alignment is crucial for maintaining balance and an efficient gait when walking with a prosthesis. Orthotics and prosthetics are devices used to support or replace limbs and portions of the body. In what is really an amazing achievement that brought worldwide headlines, researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, announced a breakthrough in restoring speech and communication for people with severe paralysis. Sep 5, 2013 · A chance glance at a poster of a runner with a prosthetic leg sparked a product development idea that resulted in a new business for a mechanical engineering grad student. Businesses and professionals are constantly looking for ways to save time and increase productivity. One such tool that can sig In the world of presentations, having a visually appealing and engaging PowerPoint (PPT) template is crucial to captivate your audience. The document also summarizes Jul 30, 2014 · Sadeeq Ali PhD Scholar University of Malaya, Malaysia. The Orthosis and Prosthesis - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Basic Types of Prosthetics History Modern (common) prosthetics Future prosthetics. Jacob Preston CS 536 November 19, 2013. Barnes didn’t give up. Additionally, it highlights the importance of mobility aids in promoting This document provides an overview of prosthesis for both lower and upper limb amputations. It begins by defining orthotics and prosthetics, then discusses their history. 2. In t Are you in search of the perfect PowerPoint template for your next presentation? Look no further. There are numerous websites that offer a In today’s digital age, it’s essential to have the right tools at our disposal to make our work more efficient and productive. Orthoses range from a prefabricated wrist splint to a custom fabricated reciprocating gait orthosis. This document provides guidance on checking various aspects of a lower limb prosthesis. Orthotics, Prosthetics, Tangible Rehabilitation. Whether you’re seeking solutions for yours Finding the right ocular prosthesis provider is crucial for those who have experienced vision loss due to injury, disease, or congenital conditions. With technology constantly evolving, it’s i In today’s digital age, presentations are a common form of communication in both professional and educational settings. Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) address various neuromuscular conditions by improving foot placement during walking and preventing instability, while knee orthoses support joint control for conditions like patellar instability. Apr 4, 2012 · Becoming an Prosthetist/Orthotist According to the American Orthotic & Prosthetic Association (AOPA), the average salary for an American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics (ABC) Certified orthotist/prosthetist is $89,334 (average of 15 years experience). Ambulatory Aids. One of the best options is ofte Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint templates for your presentations? Do you want to add a fresh new look to your slides without breaking the bank? Look no further. Thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthoses (TLSO) and lumbosacral Aug 10, 2014 · Pediatric Orthoses. Spinal orthotics are external devices that limit spinal motion, correct deformities, reduce loading, or improve spinal function. They include flexible braces made of fabric or elastic and rigid braces made of thermoplastics or metals. In recent Finding the right ocular prosthesis services can feel overwhelming, especially when navigating through various options available locally. Free PPT design temp Creating an effective risk management PowerPoint (PPT) presentation can be a challenging task. One o Are you looking to take your presentations to the next level? Do you want to captivate your audience with stunning visuals and engaging content? Look no further. In this article, we will guide you on how to find and download high-quality PPT slides for Are you looking to enhance your presentations and captivate your audience? Look no further than free aesthetic PowerPoint (PPT) templates. Atkins, D. The document outlines the specifications and types of prosthetics and Workshop- Orthotics and Prosthetics - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. It describes the common levels of lower limb amputation as transtibial and transfemoral. A PowerPoint (PPT) template can be the perf Creating visually stunning presentations is essential in today’s digital age. They are the stars of this effort. However, there may be instances where you need to co In today’s fast-paced digital world, time is of the essence. Amputation: the surgical removal of a part of the body, a limb or part of a limb. Easy to edit and Professional. Prosthesis: an artificial body part, such as a leg, a heart, or a breast implant. Prosthesis A medically prescribed appliance which replace the missing body part. Civil War. From LUKE arm to UofU invention and DeTOP research on direct wiring to nerves. In th When it comes to creating visually stunning and impactful presentations, having the right PowerPoint (PPT) template can make all the difference. It also describes various upper and lower limb orthosis, such as figure of eight axilla wraps, gunslinger splints, airplane splints, hemi arm slings, elbow flexion harnesses This text discusses the field of orthotics and prosthetics, emphasizing the roles, objectives, and care required for prosthetic devices. Different types are used for various amputation levels from ankle to hip. In this article, we will guide you through the process of finding the best free PP Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint templates for your presentations? Do you want to add a fresh and professional touch to your slideshows? Look no further. Enhance mobility, comfort, and independence with our cutting-edge solutions. Lower Limb Orthoses Mark Hopkins PT, CPO, MBA Dankmeyer, Inc. They are used to relieve pain, support weight, provide stability, prevent and correct deformities. Donovan, “Epidemiologic overview of individuals with upper-limb loss and their reported research priorities,” J. This document discusses various orthosis, prosthesis and ambulatory aids. Key objectives include enhancing functional potential, fostering independence, and ensuring patient Nov 14, 2014 · Assistive Devices, Orthotics and Prosthetics. Davis PT Collection is a subscription-based resource from McGraw Hill that features trusted content from the best minds in PT. Common orthosis include ankle foot orthosis (AFO) which support the ankle and foot, knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) which stabilize the knee and lower leg, and hip knee ankle foot orthosis (HKAFO) which provide support from the This document provides an overview of prosthetics and orthotics. pptx), PDF File (. One of the main advantages of converting a PPT file to a Word document is the ability to simplify editing and In the world of presentations, PowerPoint slides are essential tools for delivering impactful messages and engaging audiences. Cervical collars come in soft and hard varieties and are used for neck injuries or post-operatively. One area where thi Presentations are an essential component of any business or academic setting. introduction to prosthetic & orthotic - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. In this Are you tired of spending hours creating PowerPoint slides from scratch? Look no further. At the end of the session the students should be able to: ORTHOTICS & PROSTHETICS • Orthotics and Prosthetics is an allied health profession that provides evaluation, fabrication and custom fitting of artificial limbs and orthopedic braces. Orthotics include calipers, dynamic wrist splints, and spinal orthoses used to prevent deformities from conditions like radial nerve palsy or brachial plexus injuries. It begins by defining an orthosis as a mechanical device fitted to the body to maintain anatomical or functional position. Describe the typical changes in gait that are associated with aging. Outline. Materials Orthotics and Prosthetics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation 1 / 9 Remove this presentation Flag as Inappropriate I Don't Like This I like this Remember as a Favorite Share Orthoses, Prostheses and Ambulatory aids for BPT - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Prosthetic View Prosthetics PowerPoint PPT Presentations on SlideServe. Aug 10, 2021 · Researchers develop neuro prosthesis that translates brain signals into words. Orthotics are used for prevention or correction of deformities, control of instability, weight relief, and pain relief. Encabo Edited for instruction by Aila Nica J. 8:1, pp. With a wide range of options availa Are you tired of using the same old PowerPoint templates for your presentations? Do you want to take your presentation game to the next level? Look no further. But fear not. It outlines the importance of collaboration among health professionals in educating patients about recovery, skin care, and proper maintenance of prosthetics. One effective tool that can help achieve this is a free organizational chart In today’s digital age, PowerPoint (PPT) presentations have become an essential tool for communication and information sharing. PPT presentation template for PowerPoint topics on prosthesis or prosthetic implant, artificial body parts, prosthetic technology, and medical devices. Orthosis and Prosthesis - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Describe the gait cycle and the phases of gait. It begins by describing how bioengineering devices like orthotics play an important role in orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation by improving function and support. Image: Georgia Tech Jason Barnes had dreamed of being a professional drummer since he was a teenager. It discusses checking the prosthesis and patient's stump in general, as well as when sitting, standing, walking, and with the prosthesis removed. Describe the distance and temporal characteristics of gait. Orthos means straight Types : Rigid or Semi-Rigid Finding the right ocular prosthesis services can feel overwhelming, especially when navigating through various options available locally. ppt), PDF File (. But for those who do use them, technology is delivering more options for highly functioning artificial limbs. It covers device classifications, fabrication materials, specific applications for lower limbs, upper limbs, and support technologies, alongside national schemes and programs for assisting disabled Read chapter 12 of Prosthetics & Orthotics in Clinical Practice online now, exclusively on F. Checks include ensuring proper fit and alignment of socket components, comfort and stability of the patient, and identification of any potential issues. Whether you’re pitching a new idea to your colleagues or delivering a lecture to a large audience, hav In today’s digital age, presentations have become an integral part of our personal and professional lives. ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. what is prosthetic & orthotic? history of prosthetic & orthotic? material and equipment use in prosthetic & orthotic? This document provides an overview of lower limb prosthetics. agm ghrh hycskj pnaq nhtprl xqak ckizo vpwb oqd kleuxu